Before going into what Jesus' overall message was, let me make some quick points on taxes. Should a Christian pay taxes? I hate to say YES but I don't get to make the call or the rules. It's the law and it does not contradict the scriptures. I saw a very persuasive email on all the "wrong things" tax payer's money get used for. Some people are angry because of the things tax payers money is spent on. To these people, I'll say, let that be between the government and God. Do your part just like you would with a homeless person who may end up spending your money on something you don't like. Obviously, in the later, you have more control of who you give your hard earned money to but doing what is right is not a matter of opinion, and I'll clarify.
- Matthew 22:17-21 - "...Tell us then, what is your opinion? Is it right to pay the imperial tax to Caesar or not?" But Jesus, knowing their evil intent, said, “You hypocrites, why are you trying to trap me? Show me the coin used for paying the tax.” They brought him a denarius, and he asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?” “Caesar’s,” they replied. Then he said to them, “So give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.”
Now, here is the bigger picture that we should be more concerned about. There is a reason Jesus asked them to look at the coin and say what image/inscription was on it. Jesus could have easily answered the tax question as a Yes or No but He needed them to understand why taxes should be paid to Caesar. Most importantly, Jesus wanted them to see the bigger picture by using this as a teaching moment, which was the spiritual comparison He made when He said "...and to God what is God's." Jesus was making a point that it is okay to do what is right or expedient because it is the law. But doing this or following the law of whatever government you are under is not the reason for our existence. It's like saying "...man shall not live by bread alone but on every word that comes from the mouth of God." - Matthew 4:4. This simply means physical food is good for us but the spiritual food is way more important and best for us. Jesus even told His disciples in John 4:32-34 the kind of food He is more interested in eating.
In the same way, giving Caesar his coin as a tax payment is a "good" thing to do but giving ourselves as a sacrifice to God is the "best" thing to do. We have bigger things to worry about than taxes because our salvation is not based on how much taxes we pay. Jesus' message was deeper than just paying taxes; it was more about giving your soul to the owner. Denarius, the currency of those days, had the image of Caesar (an ancient leader) just as we have our various country's currencies today bearing the images of our public leaders.
In my personal opinion, tax cut that only favors a select few is a bad tax cut and described as a "trickle down" cuts. I made this comparison (as seen on the attached image) based on what we all can relate to when it comes to health and fitness. You can't work on one part of your body and hope that the effect will trickle down to fully benefit the rest of your body. You may see a tiny misleading effect that is more of a mirage, and easily gets mistaken for reality. This false reality ends up producing results that is not sustainable in the long term. It's called trickle down economy for a reason.
Lastly, this giving of self to God that Jesus was more concerned about is not only for unbelievers. Those who are members of His kingdom are also required to give ourselves to God for the growth of the entire body of Christ. For those who are not yet members of His kingdom, here's more on HOW TO DO THIS or click HERE.
For clarification on the role of government in our Christian life, I'd suggest you read my piece on Did God Pick Your Leader and Democrats vs Republicans vs Christianity.